Does coordination mean a compromise by the Japanese understanding ?
by Toshio Taguchi 発表者：田口俊夫
While planners are always searching better solutions for town planning activities, they become conscious of the need to coordinate tangled issues among concerned parties. We, Japanese people, are tend to use the word of coordination in good meaning in order to reach an acceptable result for most people concerned, however, it might be different in the American society. Some people may say that there is no grey area, instead clearly cut such as black or white, in that society. Akira Tamura, the chief planner of the City of Yokohama in 1968, succeeded to make the project of the new urban motorway partly undergrounded and rerouted through relentless negotiations with concerned parties. It is an issue as to how we can call it a success of coordination or a result of compromise. At the same year Jane Jacobs beat Robert Moses on the citizen’s opposing movement against the Lower Manhattan Expressway project in New York. They did not try to reach a compromise, neither a coordination among the state and city governments and the citizens. They claimed that they did not want any highway in the middle of their residential district. Then in 1970 an American scholar, who was very young at that time and later became a dean of law school, wrote a dissertation to figure out the necessity of coordination machinery within public authority that should work having with different views but economic effects for people.
横浜の高速道路地下化を調整した田村明の業績を、どう世界的文脈で位置づけるか、を研究会で議論した。まったく同時代的に、米国ニューヨークでも、都市内高速道路の建設問題があり、建設王ロバートモーゼスと住民運動家ジェーンジェイコブスが鋭く対峙していた。同じ1968年である。都市計画事業には、あるべき目標に向かって「調整行為」が必要である、との仮説をもつ。いやいや・・・調整など必要ない、絶対反対を貫くべきだ、との立場をジェイコブスたちはとった。米国社会では「妥協」はないのか・・・それもおおいなる疑問である。米国の法律学者たちも、必要な都市計画事業を推進するためには、住民を含む関係者の協力そして妥協が必要だ、との認識をもつ。そのシステムを行政内、特に住民に最も近い市政府などの自治体に設けるべきだ、との考えである。ジェイコブスの時代には、州政府と市政府が一緒になって、建設王モーゼス（州政府の外郭団体である高速道路公社の総裁）と共に、住民団体と対立した。さて、当論文がどう世界で受け止められるのか・・・興味深い。
A study group to investigate the notion of citizen’s government by Akira Tamura
by Atsuhiro Aoki 発表者：青木淳弘
A voluntary study group has been set up recently within our NPO being consisted of five members. First of all the group challenged to read through all minutes of Zushi town-making committee chaired by Akira Tamura since 1986 until 1993 as to how Tamura considered the concept of citizens and its government. The City of Zushi was the municipal authority that had a local dispute of forests preservation where the central government intended to construct numerous housing for the American navy’s families. The opposition movement faction succeeded to elect two consecutive mayors, Kiichiro Tomino and Mitsuyo Sawa, from their members who run the city administration for ten years. Then another mayor, Mr. Ryuichi Hirai, was the person who had participated the Tamura’s committee when he was a university student. We assume that the City of Zushi is a right example from the viewpoint of citizen’s government.
逗子市で田村明が委員長を務めた「逗子市まちづくり懇話会」の議事録を読み解くことで、田村が考えた「市民の政府論」を検証する試みを、NPO内に自主研究会を立ち上げ進めている。当該懇話会は、1986年から1993年まで、1年間の中断をはさみながら総計44回開催された。逗子市は、池子の森に米軍住宅を建設する住民反対運動がおおきな市政上の問題となり、運動側から市長が当選し二代にわたり1984年から1994年まで継続した。その後も、当該まちづくり懇話会に参加していた市民委員の大学生が市議会議員となり、ついに市長に就任した。田村明が主張する「市民の政府論」をまさに現場で体現する事例ともいえる。
